Hotspots and Natural World Heritage

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Hotspots and Natural World Heritage

India’s four hotspots and all eight natural and mixed World Heritage Sites.

On this map (12)

Himalaya biodiversity hotspot · Jammu & Kashmir — Hotspot · the whole Indian Himalaya. Hotspot covering the entire Indian Himalaya, west to east
Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot · Manipur — Hotspot · North-East (south of the Brahmaputra). North-East India south of the Brahmaputra, into Myanmar and South-East Asia
Western Ghats and Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot · Karnataka — Hotspot. Western Ghats with Sri Lanka — very high endemism (amphibians, plants)
Sundaland biodiversity hotspot (Nicobar Islands) · Andaman & Nicobar — Hotspot · Nicobar Islands. India’s share = the Nicobar Islands (with Indonesia, Malaysia)
Kaziranga National Park · Assam — Natural WHS. 1985 — two-thirds of the world’s one-horned rhinos
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary · Assam — Natural WHS. 1985 — on the Bhutan border; was on the “in danger” list 1992–2011
Keoladeo National Park · Rajasthan — Natural WHS. 1985 — Bharatpur bird sanctuary; also a Ramsar site on the Montreux Record
Sundarbans National Park · West Bengal — Natural WHS. 1987 — largest mangrove forest; tigers
Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks · Uttarakhand — Natural WHS. 1988, extended 2005 with the Valley of Flowers
Western Ghats (serial natural site) · Kerala — Natural WHS · 39 parts in 4 states. 2012 — a serial site of 39 parts in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra
Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area · Himachal Pradesh — Natural WHS · Kullu. 2014 — Kullu, Himachal Pradesh; western tragopan, musk deer
Khangchendzonga National Park · Sikkim — MIXED WHS. 2016 — India’s FIRST and only MIXED (natural + cultural) site (UPPCS: “declared in July 2016”)

Asked in exams

UPSC 2010India’s four = Eastern Himalaya, Western Himalaya, Western Ghats, A&N → wrong
UPSC 2010Eastern Himalaya is a hotspot ✓ (with the Eastern Mediterranean; NW Australia ✗)
UPSC 2011Criteria behind Western Ghats–Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma → richness, endemism, threat (key)
UPSC 2011Same criteria question
UPPCSWhich is a hotspot in India? → Western Ghats
UPPCSNot a hotspot of India → Vindhyas
UPPCSWhich region of India is a hotspot? → Andaman and Nicobar
UPPCSWhich is a World Heritage Site: Nanda Devi BR, Corbett, Rajaji, Gir? → Nanda Devi
UPPCSNational park declared a World Heritage Site in July 2016 → Khangchendzonga

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