Mountain Ranges, Hills and Peaks

48 ranges, hills and peaks — Karakoram to Agasthyamalai, the highest peak of every state, and the hill-order traps.

On this map (48)

K2 (Godwin-Austen) · Ladakh — Karakoram · ~8,611 m. Highest peak of India and 2nd in the world
Karakoram Range · Ladakh — Trans-Himalaya · northernmost. Northernmost range of India; holds Siachen and Baltoro glaciers
Ladakh Range · Ladakh — Trans-Himalaya · north of the Indus. Runs north of the Indus; Leh sits between the Ladakh and Zanskar ranges
Zanskar Range · Ladakh — Trans-Himalaya · south of the Indus. South of the Indus, north of the Great Himalaya; Markha valley lies here (UPSC 2006 → J&K then)
Pir Panjal Range · Jammu & Kashmir — Lesser Himalaya · J&K–HP. The Lesser Himalayan wall between Jammu and the Kashmir valley
Dhauladhar Range · Himachal Pradesh — Lesser Himalaya · Kangra. A Lesser Himalayan range rising straight behind Dharamshala and Kangra
Kamet · Uttarakhand — Garhwal Himalaya · ~7,756 m. In the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand
Nanda Devi · Uttarakhand — Kumaon Himalaya · ~7,816 m. Highest peak lying entirely within India
Trishul · Uttarakhand — Kumaon Himalaya · ~7,120 m. Three-pronged massif south-west of Nanda Devi
Shiwalik (Outer Himalaya) · Uttarakhand — Youngest range · Dehradun. Outermost, youngest and lowest Himalayan range
Sandakphu · West Bengal — Singalila ridge · ~3,636 m. Highest point of West Bengal, on the Singalila ridge (Nepal border)
Kanchenjunga · Sikkim — Sikkim–Nepal · ~8,586 m. World’s 3rd highest; highest peak of Sikkim, on the Nepal border
Kangto · Arunachal Pradesh — Eastern Himalaya · ~7,060 m. Highest peak of Arunachal Pradesh, on the China border
Patkai Bum · Arunachal Pradesh — Purvanchal · Arunachal–Myanmar. Start of the Purvanchal hills along the Myanmar border; Pangsau pass (Stilwell road)
Saramati · Nagaland — Naga hills · ~3,841 m. Highest peak of Nagaland, on the Myanmar border
Dzukou Valley · Nagaland — Nagaland–Manipur border. High valley of lilies behind Japfu peak, near Kohima
Mikir (Karbi Anglong) Hills · Assam — Assam. A detached block of the Meghalaya plateau, south of Kaziranga
Nokrek (Garo Hills) · Meghalaya — Garo hills · ~1,412 m. Highest point of the Garo Hills; Nokrek Biosphere Reserve (wild citrus)
Shillong Peak (Khasi Hills) · Meghalaya — Khasi hills · ~1,965 m. Highest point of Meghalaya, in the Khasi Hills
Phawngpui (Blue Mountain) · Mizoram — Mizo hills · ~2,157 m. Highest peak of Mizoram; national park on its slopes
Guru Shikhar · Rajasthan — Aravalli · Mount Abu · ~1,722 m. Highest point of the Aravalli, at Mount Abu, Rajasthan ✓ (UPSC 2007)
Aravalli Range · Rajasthan — Oldest fold mountains · Gujarat → Delhi. Oldest fold mountains of India ✓ (UPSC 1979); Precambrian (UPSC 1997)
Girnar · Gujarat — Saurashtra · ~1,100 m. Highest point of Gujarat, a volcanic hill near Junagadh; Jain and Hindu temples
Vindhya Range · Madhya Pradesh — North of the Narmada. Escarpment north of the Narmada; the old divide between north and south India
Kaimur Hills · Bihar — East end of the Vindhya · Bihar–MP. Eastern end of the Vindhya, south of the Son
Satpura Range · Madhya Pradesh — Between Narmada and Tapi. A block range between the Narmada (north) and the Tapi (south)
Dhupgarh (Mahadeo Hills) · Madhya Pradesh — Satpura · Pachmarhi · ~1,350 m. Highest point of the Satpura and of Madhya Pradesh, at Pachmarhi
Maikal Hills — Amarkantak · Madhya Pradesh — Where Vindhya meets Satpura. Maikal range: where the Vindhya and Satpura meet — not the Sahyadri (UPSC 2023 ✗)
Ajanta Range · Maharashtra — Maharashtra only. Spread over only one state, Maharashtra ✓ (UPSC 1995)
Parasnath (Shikharji) · Jharkhand — Chota Nagpur · ~1,350 m. Highest point of Jharkhand; Sammed Shikharji, holiest Jain site
Rajmahal Hills · Jharkhand — Basalt · NE corner of the plateau. Volcanic (basalt) hills at the north-east corner of the peninsula; the Ganga turns south around them
Deomali · Odisha — Eastern Ghats · Koraput · ~1,672 m. Highest point of Odisha, in the Eastern Ghats (Koraput)
Kalsubai · Maharashtra — Sahyadri · ~1,646 m. Highest point of Maharashtra and of the northern Sahyadri
Mullayanagiri · Karnataka — Baba Budan hills · ~1,930 m. Highest point of Karnataka, in the Baba Budan hills (Chikkamagaluru)
Biligirirangan (BR) Hills · Karnataka — Eastern Ghats–Western Ghats link. A bridge between the Eastern and Western Ghats; BRT Tiger Reserve
Doddabetta (Nilgiri Hills) · Tamil Nadu — Nilgiris · ~2,637 m. Highest point of the Nilgiris and of Tamil Nadu
Palghat (Palakkad) Gap · Kerala — Nilgiris ↔ Anaimalai. The main break in the Western Ghats, between the Nilgiri and Anaimalai hills ✓ (UPSC 1990)
Anamudi · Kerala — Anaimalai hills · ~2,695 m. Highest peak of the Western Ghats and of all peninsular India ✓ (UPSC 2005)
Palani Hills · Tamil Nadu — Kodaikanal. Eastward spur of the Western Ghats; hill station Kodaikanal
Cardamom Hills · Kerala — Kerala–TN · Periyar. Southern Western Ghats; Periyar Tiger Reserve, cardamom estates
Agasthyamalai Hills · Kerala — Southern tip of the Western Ghats. Southernmost part of the Western Ghats — not the Seshachalam (UPSC 2023)
Nallamala Hills · Andhra Pradesh — Eastern Ghats · Krishna. Eastern Ghats hills cut by the Krishna; Srisailam – Nallamala ✓ (UPSC 2015)
Seshachalam Hills · Andhra Pradesh — Eastern Ghats · Tirupati. Part of the Eastern Ghats; Tirumala temple, red sanders
Javadi Hills · Tamil Nadu — Eastern Ghats · Vellore. Eastern Ghats hills in northern Tamil Nadu (Vainu Bappu observatory at Kavalur)
Shevaroy Hills · Tamil Nadu — Eastern Ghats · Yercaud. Eastern Ghats hills near Salem; hill station Yercaud ✓ (UPSC 2007)
Great Himalaya (Himadri) · Himachal Pradesh — Highest and OLDEST of the three walls. The Himadri: continuous line of the highest peaks — Nanda Devi, Kamet, Kanchenjunga
Western Ghats (Sahyadri) · Karnataka — Continuous · Tapi → Kanyakumari. Continuous wall along the west coast — passable only through gaps (Thal, Bhor, Palghat)
Eastern Ghats · Andhra Pradesh — Broken hills · Odisha → Tamil Nadu. Broken hills: cut by the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery

Asked in exams

UPSC 1995J&K ranges on a map → Karakoram, Ladakh, Zanskar, Pir Panjal
UPSC 2006Markha valley → Jammu & Kashmir
UPSC 1994Oldest Himalayan range → Great Himalaya (not Dhaula Dhar)
UPPCSKamet → Uttarakhand
UPSC 2003Nanda Devi → Kumaon Himalayas
UPSC 2022Nanda Devi – Kumaon Himalaya ✓
UPPCSNanda Devi → Uttarakhand
UPPCSTrishul → Uttarakhand; Gosain Than not in India
UPSC 1994Oldest range → Great Himalaya, not the Siwalik
UPPCSEast → west: Namcha Barwa → Kanchenjunga → Everest → Nanda Devi
UPSC 2022Namcha Barwa – Garhwal Himalaya ✗
UPSC 2014Saramati Peak – Nagaland ✓
UPPCSSaramati → Nagaland
UPSC 2006Dzukou valley → Nagaland
UPSC 2014Mikir Hills – North-East India ✓
UPSC 2022Nokrek – Sikkim Himalaya ✗
UPSC 2007Guru Shikhar → Rajasthan
UPSC 1989Guru Shikhar → Aravalli
UPPCSGurushikhar → Mt Abu, Aravalli
UPSC 1979Oldest mountains → Aravallis
UPSC 1997Aravalli → Pre-Cambrian
UPSC 1982River between Vindhya and Satpura → Narmada
UPSC 2014Kaimur Hills – Konkan coast ✗
UPSC 2005Tapi lies south of the Satpura ✓
UPSC 1989Dhupgarh → Satpura
UPSC 2014Mahadeo Hills – Central India ✓
UPPCSDhupgarh → Madhya Pradesh
UPSC 2023Amarkantak = Vindhya + Sahyadri ✗
UPSC 2007Narmada rises at Amarkantak
UPSC 1995Range in only one state → Ajanta
UPSC 2023Biligirirangan = easternmost Satpura ✗
UPSC 2008Where Eastern and Western Ghats meet → Nilgiri Hills
UPSC 1989Doddabetta → Nilgiri
UPPCSDoddabetta → Tamil Nadu
UPSC 1990Palghat gap → between the Nilgiris and the Anamalai hills
UPSC 2005Anai Mudi = highest peak in the Western Ghats ✓
UPPCSAnamudi = highest peak of peninsular India (asked 3 times)
UPSC 2014Cardamom Hills – Coromandel coast ✗
UPSC 2020Agasthyamala BR → Neyyar, Peppara, Shendurney, KMTR
UPSC 2015Srisailam – Nallamala Hills ✓
UPSC 2005N → S: Nallamalai → Javadi → Nilgiri → Anaimalai
UPSC 2023Seshachalam = southernmost Western Ghats ✗
UPSC 2007Shevaroy Hills → Tamil Nadu
UPSC 1994Oldest Himalayan range → Great Himalayan Range
UPSC 2005Western Ghats higher in the north ✗
UPSC 2017Western Ghats in five states only ✗
UPSC 2008Eastern and Western Ghats meet → Nilgiri Hills

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