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UPSC Prelims 2024 · Environment · Species Watch
Consider the following: How many of the above have poisonous species among them?
- Butterflies
- Fish
- Frogs
- (a) Only one
- (b) Only two
- (c) All three
- (d) None
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: (c) All three
Butterflies, fish and frogs all have poisonous species.
Statement by statement
1. ✓ YES Monarch butterflies store toxins from milkweed and are poisonous to birds.
2. ✓ YES Pufferfish carry tetrodotoxin.
3. ✓ YES Poison dart frogs carry deadly skin toxins.
The idea
Poisonous animals harm you when you eat or touch them. Venomous animals inject the toxin with a bite or sting. The question asks only whether a group has any poisonous species, so one clear example in each group settles it.
Animal eats a toxic plant or prey → Stores the toxin in its body → Shows bright warning colours → Predator gets sick once and learns → Harmless species copy the colours (mimicry)
Why the others are wrong
(b) Drops butterflies — the monarch is a textbook poisonous insect.
The trap
Butterflies seem harmless. Their bright colours are a warning.
Also know
In India the plain tiger and common crow butterflies carry plant toxins in the same way as the monarch. Pufferfish poison (tetrodotoxin) is not destroyed by cooking. Poison dart frogs get their toxin from the insects they eat.
🔒 Poisonous (harmful to eat/touch): monarch, pufferfish, dart frog. Venomous (inject it): snakes, scorpions.