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UPSC Prelims 2005 · Indian Geography · People and Settlements
Consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- India is the second country in the world to adopt a National Family Planning Programme.
- The National Population Policy of India 2000 seeks to achieve replacement level of fertility by 2010 with a population of 111 crores.
- Kerala is the first State in India to achieve replacement level of fertility.
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 1 and 2
- (c) 2 and 3
- (d) 1, 2 and 3
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: (c) 2 and 3
Statements 2 and 3 are right.
Statement by statement
1. ✗ WRONG India launched the world’s first national family planning programme (1952).
2. ✓ CORRECT NPP 2000 aimed at replacement fertility by 2010 with a population of about 110 crore.
3. ✓ CORRECT Kerala reached replacement-level fertility first (around 1988).
The idea
A programme’s launch order, a policy’s target and a State’s demographic achievement are separate historical facts. A target describes what a policy aimed to do, not what actually happened. Replacement fertility also differs from immediate population stabilisation.
Why the others are wrong
(a) India was the first, not the second.
(b) India was the first, not the second.
(d) Statement 1 is wrong.
The trap
A small ordinal change — first becomes second.
Elimination technique
India’s 1952 national programme was the first of its kind, so “second” makes statement 1 false and removes (a), (b) and (d). Statements 2 and 3 still require their historical facts to be checked.
Also know
Replacement fertility is roughly 2.1 births per woman in a low-mortality population. Total fertility rate is built from age-specific fertility rates, whereas crude birth rate measures births per 1,000 people. Population momentum can keep growth positive even after replacement fertility is reached.
🔒 Family planning 1952 (first in world) · NPP 2000 · Kerala first to TFR 2.1 · India’s TFR now 2.0 (NFHS-5).
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