Assertion (A): Bangalore receives much higher average annual rainfall than that of Mangalore. Reason (R): Bangalore has the benefit of receiving rainfall both from south-west and north-east monsoons.

Answer: (d) A is false but R is true.

Mangalore (windward coast, ~350 cm) gets far more than Bangalore (~90 cm), so A is false; Bangalore does get rain from both monsoons.

The idea

Rainfall totals depend on moisture supply and lifting, not simply the number of rainy seasons. A windward coast receives moist winds before mountains remove much of their moisture. Air descending inland warms and becomes less favourable for rain. A second rainy season need not overcome this rain-shadow effect.

Arabian Sea supplies moist summer air → Wind reaches the west coast → Western Ghats force ascent → Windward slopes receive heavy rain → Air crosses the barrier and descends → Interior plateau receives less rain

Why the others are wrong

(a) A is false.

(b) A is false.

(c) A is false.

The trap

Two monsoons sound like more rain — but the coast gets the lion’s share.

Elimination technique

Test A before attempting the explanation link. Knowing that the Mangaluru windward coast is wetter makes A false and removes (a), (b) and (c); then check Bengaluru’s two-season rainfall to confirm (d).

Also know

Mumbai-Pune offers another coast-to-interior contrast across the Western Ghats. Agumbe is a very wet windward location; Solapur lies in the drier Deccan belt. Bengaluru also receives rain during the later monsoon season, but that does not make its annual total exceed Mangaluru’s. Ladakh is a cold rain-shadow example behind Himalayan barriers.