Assertion (A): Areas near the equator receive rainfall throughout the year. Reason (R): High temperatures and high humidity cause convectional rain in most afternoons near the equator.

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Daily heating and humidity cause afternoon convectional rain all year.

The idea

A wet equatorial climate combines year-round warmth with abundant moisture. Heating lifts humid air; expansion cools it until condensation begins. Continued moisture supply and frequent convection allow rain in every season. “Afternoon rain” describes a common pattern, not a promise of rain at a fixed hour everywhere.

Strong daytime heating → Moist near-surface air becomes buoyant → Air rises and expands → Cooling reaches saturation → Condensation builds tall cloud → Heavy showers often develop later in the day

Why the others are wrong

(b) R explains A.

(c) R is true.

(d) A is true.

Also know

The Amazon Basin, Congo Basin and parts of maritime Southeast Asia are standard equatorial rainforest regions. The ITCZ shifts seasonally, so places near its margins may have a drier season. Tropical savanna climates have a clearer wet-dry contrast. Monsoon rain is tied to seasonal wind changes, whereas convectional rain describes the lifting mechanism.