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UPPCS Indian Geography Gap Sheet: Natural Vegetation and Forests.
UPPCS has asked 19 of these. 2 have not been asked yet. Lock the first list, then read the second: it holds what UPPCS has not used yet.
First, the concept
Rain decides the forest. Over 200 cm gives evergreen forest; 100–200 cm moist deciduous; 50–100 cm dry deciduous; under 50 cm thorn forest. Height decides it in the mountains.
Tropical moist deciduous (monsoon) forest is the most widespread type in India. Deciduous trees shed leaves in the dry season to save water.
The National Forest Policy (1988) aims at one-third of the land under forest or tree cover. Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest area; Mizoram the highest share of its land.
✅ Already asked (19)
Forest types
- Tropical evergreen · Western Ghats, North-East, Andaman; rosewood, mahogany, ebony
- Tropical moist deciduous · The most widespread type; sal, teak, bamboo
- Tropical dry deciduous · Central plateau; teak, tendu, palash
- Thorn forest · Rajasthan, Gujarat; babul, khair, khejri, cactus
- Montane forest · Himalaya; oak and chestnut lower, deodar and chir pine higher, then alpine meadows
- Mangrove (tidal) forest · Deltas; Sundarbans (sundari tree), Bhitarkanika, Pichavaram
Grasslands
- Shola · Patches of evergreen forest amid grassland in the Nilgiris and Anaimalai
- Bugyal · Alpine meadows of Uttarakhand
- Marg · Mountain meadows of Kashmir (Gulmarg, Sonamarg)
- Banni · Grassland of Kutch, Gujarat
Trees and where they grow
- Sandalwood · Karnataka, Tamil Nadu (dry deciduous)
- Sal · Moist deciduous; Shiwaliks, Chotanagpur, Odisha
- Teak · Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under teak
- Khejri · Rajasthan's state tree; protected by the Bishnoi
Forest movements and policy
- Chipko Movement · 1973, Garhwal; Gaura Devi, Sunderlal Bahuguna, Chandi Prasad Bhatt
- Appiko Movement · 1983, Karnataka; Pandurang Hegde
- Van Mahotsav · Tree-planting festival begun in 1950 by K. M. Munshi
- Social forestry and agroforestry · Trees on common land; trees grown with crops
- India State of Forest Report · Every two years by the Forest Survey of India, Dehradun
❌ Not asked yet (2)
🔒 2 items not asked yet
Grasslands: 1 · Trees and where they grow: 1
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⚠️ The most widespread forest type is moist deciduous, not evergreen. Shola is in the Nilgiris; Bugyal is in Uttarakhand. Chipko began in Uttarakhand, Appiko in Karnataka.
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