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UPPCS Medieval History Gap Sheet: Marathas, Shivaji and Sikh Gurus.
UPPCS has asked 27 of these. 7 have not been asked yet. Lock the first list, then read the second: it holds what UPPCS has not used yet.
First, the concept
Shivaji’s state combined forts, mobile warfare, revenue collection and a council of ministers. Later Peshwas expanded Maratha power through a confederacy whose chiefs controlled different regions.
The Sikh Gurus developed a religious community, scripture and institutions over successive generations. Distinguish the compilation of the Adi Granth from the founding of the Khalsa and the later end of personal Guruship.
✅ Already asked (27)
Shivaji and government
- Shivneri birthplace · Shivaji was born at Shivneri Fort.
- Raigad coronation, 1674 · Shivaji took the title Chhatrapati at Raigad, his capital.
- Afzal Khan at Pratapgad, 1659 · The Bijapur commander was killed in his encounter with Shivaji.
- Surat raid, 1664 · Shivaji raided the important Mughal commercial city of Surat.
- Purandar treaty, 1665 · Shivaji made a settlement with the Mughal commander Jai Singh.
- Salher victory, 1672 · Maratha forces defeated a Mughal army near Salher.
- Ashtapradhan council · Shivaji's eight ministers advised him; royal authority remained supreme.
- Peshwa and Amatya · Peshwa was the chief minister; Amatya handled finance.
- Sumant and Sachiv · Sumant handled external affairs; Sachiv handled official correspondence.
- Senapati and Mantri · Senapati headed military command; Mantri maintained court records and reports.
- Chauth and sardeshmukhi · Chauth was 25 percent; sardeshmukhi was an additional 10 percent claim.
- Paga cavalry establishment · Paga referred to the state-maintained cavalry establishment.
Successors and confederacy
- Sambhaji's death, 1689 · Aurangzeb's forces captured and executed Shivaji's son Sambhaji.
- Tarabai's leadership after 1700 · After Rajaram's death, Tarabai led resistance against the Mughals.
- Shahu's release, 1707 · Shahu was released after Aurangzeb's death and contested Maratha leadership.
- Peshwa succession · Balaji Vishwanath was followed by Baji Rao I, Balaji Baji Rao and Madhav Rao I.
- Maratha confederate houses · Scindias held Gwalior, Holkars Indore, Gaekwads Baroda and Bhonsles Nagpur.
- Third Panipat, 1761 · Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Maratha army led by Sadashiv Rao Bhau.
Sikh Gurus and institutions
- Nanak at Nankana Sahib · Guru Nanak was born at Talwandi, now Nankana Sahib, and taught devotion to one God.
- Guru Angad and Gurmukhi · Guru Angad standardised Gurmukhi; his earlier name was Lehna.
- Guru Ram Das and Amritsar · Guru Ram Das founded the settlement that became Amritsar.
- Guru Arjan and Adi Granth, 1604 · Guru Arjan compiled the Adi Granth and installed it at Harmandir Sahib.
- Guru Tegh Bahadur's execution, 1675 · The ninth Guru was executed at Delhi under Aurangzeb.
- Khalsa foundation, 1699 · Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib.
- Nanded and Guru Gobind Singh · Guru Gobind Singh died at Nanded; Hazur Sahib commemorates him.
- Banda Bahadur's original name · Banda Singh Bahadur was originally named Lachhman Dev.
UP encounter
- Shivaji's Agra visit, 1666 · Shivaji attended Aurangzeb's court at Agra, was detained, and escaped.
❌ Not asked yet (7)
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🔒 7 items not asked yet
Shivaji and government: 3 · Sikh Gurus and institutions: 4
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⚠️ Chauth was one-fourth; sardeshmukhi was an additional one-tenth. Guru Arjan compiled the Adi Granth; Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa.
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