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UPPCS Medieval History Gap Sheet: Sultanate Administration and Revenue.
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First, the concept
An iqta assigned revenue to an officer for service; it did not make him a private owner of the land. The Sultan checked the officer’s military obligations and accounts.
Read each department through its function. Revenue, military records, correspondence and market control were distinct; taxes on cultivation, houses, grazing and irrigation also had different bases.
✅ Already asked (22)
Offices and assignments
- Iqta revenue assignment · An iqta supported an officer and his troops from assigned territorial revenue.
- Muqti or iqtadar · The iqta holder collected revenue and maintained order and troops.
- Diwan-i-Wizarat · The wazir supervised finance and revenue.
- Diwan-i-Arz · The military department dealt with recruitment, inspection and army records.
- Ariz-i-Mumalik · This officer headed military administration under the Sultan.
- Diwan-i-Insha · This department handled royal correspondence.
- Barid intelligence network · Barids supplied reports to the central government.
- Qazi judicial office · Qazis administered justice under Islamic law.
- Bandagan-i-Khas · The term denoted royal slaves.
- Ulema and Dastar Bandan · Ulema were scholars of Islamic learning; Dastar Bandan referred to the turbaned learned class.
- Fawazil surplus revenue · The surplus after authorised iqta expenses was payable to the central treasury.
- Diwan-i-Mustakhraj · Alauddin's office pursued revenue arrears from collectors.
Markets and taxes
- Diwan-i-Riyasat · Alauddin's department supervised market regulations.
- Shahna-i-Mandi · The market superintendent enforced controlled prices.
- Alauddin's half-produce assessment · Land revenue in his core controlled area could reach half the produce.
- Masahat measurement · Masahat meant land measurement for assessment.
- Ghari house tax · Alauddin levied a tax on houses.
- Charai grazing tax · Alauddin levied a tax associated with grazing cattle.
- Kharaj land revenue · Kharaj referred to land revenue in Sultanate usage.
- Jizya poll tax · Jizya was a levy on eligible non-Muslim subjects, distinct from land revenue.
- Sharb irrigation tax · Firoz Shah levied irrigation tax on cultivation benefiting from state canals.
- Khums share of booty · Khums literally meant one-fifth; rules for distributing booty were separate from cultivation taxes.
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Offices and assignments: 1
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⚠️ Diwan-i-Insha handled correspondence; Diwan-i-Khairat handled charity. Iqta is not hereditary private property.
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