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UPPCS Medieval History Gap Sheet: Vijayanagara and Bahmani Kingdoms.
UPPCS has asked 19 of these. 7 have not been asked yet. Lock the first list, then read the second: it holds what UPPCS has not used yet.
First, the concept
The Deccan had two major powers from the fourteenth century: Vijayanagara south of the Krishna and Bahmani to its north. The Raichur Doab became a repeated zone of conflict.
Vijayanagara combined royal authority with military chiefs who drew revenue from assigned areas. Bahmani provincial government later gave way to separate successor Sultanates.
✅ Already asked (19)
Vijayanagara rulers and institutions
- Foundation, 1336 · Harihara and Bukka founded Vijayanagara under the Sangama dynasty.
- Hampi capital · The imperial capital stood by the Tungabhadra River.
- Four ruling dynasties · The sequence was Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva and Aravidu.
- Deva Raya II's archers · Deva Raya II recruited Muslim soldiers and strengthened his army.
- Krishnadeva Raya, 1509–29 · The Tuluva ruler's reign was a major period of expansion and literary patronage.
- Amuktamalyada · Krishnadeva Raya composed this Telugu work on devotion and kingship.
- Ashtadiggajas · Eight Telugu poets were associated with Krishnadeva Raya's court.
- Nagalapuram foundation · Krishnadeva Raya established Nagalapuram near his capital.
- Quality-based land assessment · Vijayanagara assessment distinguished land quality and cultivation conditions.
- Talikota, 1565 · A coalition of Deccan Sultanates defeated Vijayanagara's army under Rama Raya.
- Fanam coin · Fanam was a small coin used in southern India.
- Poligar military chiefs · Poligars or palaiyakkarars were local military chiefs in southern India.
Bahmani and successor states
- Bahmani foundation, 1347 · Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah, also called Hasan Gangu, founded the kingdom.
- Gulbarga to Bidar · The Bahmani capital moved from Gulbarga to Bidar under Ahmad Shah I.
- Mahmud Gawan's reforms · The minister reorganised provinces and sought stronger central control.
- Five successor Sultanates · Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Golconda, Berar and Bidar emerged from the Bahmani realm.
- Ibrahim Adil Shah II's Kitab-i-Nauras · The Bijapur ruler wrote on music and devotion in this work.
- Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur · Gol Gumbaz is the tomb of Muhammad Adil Shah.
- Dakhani and Afaqi factions · Bahmani politics involved rivalry between locally settled nobles and nobles arriving from abroad.
❌ Not asked yet (7)
Vijayanagara rulers and institutions
- Amara-nayaka system · Military chiefs received revenue assignments and supplied troops to the king.
- Raichur Doab · The tract between Krishna and Tungabhadra was disputed by Deccan powers.
- Mahanavami Dibba · The ceremonial platform at Hampi was associated with royal display and festivals.
- Vitthala temple's stone chariot · The Hampi complex contains the famous stone chariot and carved pillars.
- Kamalapuram tank at Hampi · The reservoir supported irrigation and supplied water to the royal centre through a channel.
Bahmani and successor states
- Gawan madrasa at Bidar · Mahmud Gawan founded a prominent madrasa at Bidar.
- Bahmani taraf provinces · Taraf was a provincial unit; its governor was a tarafdar.
⚠️ Talikota was in 1565, but it did not instantly end every Vijayanagara successor ruler. Bahmani and Bijapur are not synonyms.
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