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UPPCS Modern History Gap Sheet: European Companies, Battles and Treaties.
UPPCS has asked 26 of these. 3 have not been asked yet. Lock the first list, then read the second: it holds what UPPCS has not used yet.
First, the concept
Europeans came in order: Portuguese (1498), Dutch (1602), English (1600 charter), Danes (1616), French (1664). The English won because they had Bengal's revenue after Plassey and Buxar.
Every war ended in a treaty. Learn wars as war → treaty → result, and the match-the-list questions solve themselves.
✅ Already asked (26)
European companies
- Vasco da Gama at Calicut (1498) · Welcomed by the Zamorin
- Albuquerque took Goa (1510) · From Bijapur; Almeida's 'blue water policy' before him
- Dutch: Masulipatnam (1605), Pulicat · Spice trade; lost at Colachel (1741) and Bedara (1759)
- English: Hawkins and Thomas Roe at Jahangir's court · First factory at Surat (1613)
- Farrukhsiyar's Farman (1717) · 'Magna Carta' of the Company: duty-free trade in Bengal
- Danes: Tranquebar (1620) and Serampore · Sold to the English in 1845
- French: Pondicherry (1674), Chandernagore · François Martin; Dupleix later
Carnatic and Bengal
- Carnatic Wars (1746–63) · English vs French; Treaties of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Pondicherry (1755), Paris (1763)
- Battle of Wandiwash (1760) · Eyre Coote beat Lally; French power ended
- Black Hole of Calcutta (1756) · Holwell's story against Siraj-ud-Daulah
- Battle of Plassey (1757) · Clive beat Siraj-ud-Daulah; Mir Jafar betrayed
- Battle of Buxar (1764) · Hector Munro beat Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah, Shah Alam II
- Treaty of Allahabad (1765) · Company got the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa
- Dual government in Bengal (1765–72) · Clive; ended by Warren Hastings
Mysore and the Marathas
- First Anglo-Mysore War — Treaty of Madras (1769) · Haidar Ali dictated terms
- Second Anglo-Mysore War — Treaty of Mangalore (1784) · Haidar died in 1782; Tipu finished it
- Third Anglo-Mysore War — Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) · Cornwallis; Tipu lost half his kingdom
- Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) · Wellesley; Tipu killed
- First Anglo-Maratha War — Treaty of Salbai (1782) · Treaty of Surat (1775) with Raghunath Rao began it; Purandar (1776)
- Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–05) · Treaties of Deogaon (Bhonsle) and Surji-Arjangaon (Scindia)
- Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–18) · Battle of Koregaon; Peshwa's office abolished
Sikhs, Burma, Nepal, Afghanistan
- Treaty of Amritsar (1809) · Ranjit Singh's border fixed at the Sutlej
- First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46) · Mudki, Ferozeshah, Sobraon; Treaties of Lahore and Bhairowal
- Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49) · Chillianwala, Gujrat; Punjab annexed
- Anglo-Nepal War — Treaty of Sugauli (1816) · Kumaon and Garhwal to the British
- Anglo-Afghan Wars — Treaty of Gandamak (1879) · Second war; Durand Line 1893
❌ Not asked yet (3)
Items marked 'asked in other exams' have come in UPSC or other state exams, not yet in UPPCS.
🔒 3 items not asked yet
European companies: 1 · Mysore and the Marathas: 1 · Sikhs, Burma, Nepal, Afghanistan: 1
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⚠️ Wandiwash (1760) ended the French; Plassey (1757) won Bengal; Buxar (1764) won the Diwani. Tipu died in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), not the Third. The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was with the Peshwa, not Scindia.
'Asked' and 'not asked' are checked against every UPPCS question on this site. 'Not asked yet' does not mean it will surely come.