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UPPCS Modern History Gap Sheet: Organisations and Their Founders.
UPPCS has asked 46 of these. 6 have not been asked yet. Lock the first list, then read the second: it holds what UPPCS has not used yet.
First, the concept
Before 1885, Indians organised in provinces: Bengal first (Landholders' Society 1838, British Indian Association 1851, Indian Association 1876), then Bombay and Madras. The Congress of 1885 joined these streams.
Reform bodies follow a pattern: an upper-caste reform wave (Brahmo, Prarthana, Arya), then a lower-caste self-respect wave (Satyashodhak, SNDP, Self-Respect, Ambedkar's bodies). UPPCS asks the founder and the year.
✅ Already asked (46)
Political bodies before the Congress
- Landholders' Society (1838) · Dwarkanath Tagore; first political body
- British India Society (1839, London) · William Adam
- British Indian Association (1851) · Merger of the two above; Calcutta
- East India Association (1866, London) · Dadabhai Naoroji
- Poona Sarvajanik Sabha (1870) · M. G. Ranade and others
- Indian Association (1876) · Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose
- Madras Mahajan Sabha (1884) · M. Viraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer, P. Ananda Charlu
- Bombay Presidency Association (1885) · Pherozeshah Mehta, K. T. Telang, Badruddin Tyabji
Hindu reform bodies
- Atmiya Sabha (1815) and Brahmo Samaj (1828) · Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- Tattvabodhini Sabha (1839) · Debendranath Tagore
- Brahmo Samaj of India (1866) and Sadharan Brahmo Samaj (1878) · Keshab Chandra Sen; then Ananda Mohan Bose, Shivnath Shastri
- Young Bengal Movement · Henry Vivian Derozio; Hindu College
- Prarthana Samaj (1867) · Atmaram Pandurang; Ranade joined later
- Arya Samaj (1875, Bombay) · Swami Dayanand Saraswati; 'Go back to the Vedas'
- DAV College, Lahore (1886) · Lala Hansraj; Arya Samaj's college wing
- Gurukul Kangri (1902) · Swami Shraddhanand; Haridwar
- Ramakrishna Mission (1897) · Swami Vivekananda; Belur
- Theosophical Society (1875 New York; Adyar 1882) · Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott; Annie Besant in India
- Radhasoami Satsang (1861) · Shiv Dayal Saheb; Agra
- Dev Samaj (1887) · Shiv Narayan Agnihotri; Lahore
- Bharat Dharma Mahamandal (1902) · Madan Mohan Malaviya and others; orthodox Hindus
Service and women's bodies
- Servants of India Society (1905) · Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- Seva Sadan (1908, Bombay) · Behramji Malabari and Dayaram Gidumal
- Social Service League (1911) · N. M. Joshi
- Sharada Sadan (1889) · Pandita Ramabai; for widows
- Widows' home and Women's University (1916) · D. K. Karve; Poona
- All India Women's Conference (1927) · Margaret Cousins
Muslim, Sikh and Parsi bodies
- Aligarh: MAO College (1875) · Sayyid Ahmad Khan; became Aligarh Muslim University 1920
- Deoband (1866) · Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
- Nadwatul Ulama (1894) · Lucknow; Shibli Nomani
- Jamia Millia Islamia (1920) · Aligarh first, then Delhi; Ajmal Khan, M. A. Ansari, Zakir Husain
- Namdhari (Kuka) Movement · Baba Ram Singh; Bhai Balak Singh before him
Lower-caste and backward-class movements
- Satyashodhak Samaj (1873) · Jyotiba Phule; Poona
- SNDP Yogam (1903) · Sree Narayana Guru; Kerala
- Self-Respect Movement (1925) · E. V. Ramasamy Periyar
- Justice Party (1916) · T. M. Nair and Theagaraya Chetty; Madras
- Depressed Classes Mission (1906) · V. R. Shinde; Bombay
- Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha (1924) · B. R. Ambedkar
- Harijan Sevak Sangh (1932) · Gandhi
- Vaikom Satyagraha (1924) · Temple-road entry in Travancore; T. K. Madhavan, K. Kelappan
- Guruvayur Satyagraha (1931) · K. Kelappan
Colleges and national universities
- Hindu College, Calcutta (1817) · David Hare and Ram Mohan Roy's circle
- Deccan Education Society (1884) · Tilak, Agarkar, Chiplunkar; Fergusson College
- Banaras Hindu University (1916) · Madan Mohan Malaviya, with Annie Besant's Central Hindu College
- Santiniketan (1901) and Visva-Bharati (1921) · Rabindranath Tagore
- Gujarat Vidyapith (1920) and Kashi Vidyapith (1921) · National universities of Non-Cooperation; Kashi by Shiv Prasad Gupta
❌ Not asked yet (6)
Items marked 'asked in other exams' have come in UPSC or other state exams, not yet in UPPCS.
🔒 6 items not asked yet
Service and women's bodies: 2 · Muslim, Sikh and Parsi bodies: 4
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⚠️ Arya Samaj was founded in Bombay (1875), not Lahore. Prarthana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Pandurang; Ranade only joined it. The Theosophical Society began in New York; Adyar (Madras) was its later headquarters.
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