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UPPCS Modern History Gap Sheet: Newspapers and Their Founders.
UPPCS has asked 35 of these. 3 have not been asked yet. Lock the first list, then read the second: it holds what UPPCS has not used yet.
First, the concept
The national movement was fought in print. Leaders ran papers in two languages: one in English for the rulers and the educated, one in the people's language for the masses (Tilak: Mahratta and Kesari).
UPPCS asks 'which paper was started by whom', almost always as a match-the-list. This is the most asked chapter of Modern History, so the 'not asked' list here is short but sharp.
✅ Already asked (35)
The first papers (1780–1860)
- Bengal Gazette (1780) · James Augustus Hicky; India's first newspaper
- Sambad Kaumudi and Mirat-ul-Akhbar · Raja Ram Mohan Roy; Bengali and Persian
- Udant Martand (1826) · Jugal Kishore Shukla; the first Hindi paper, from Calcutta
- Rast Goftar (1851) · Dadabhai Naoroji; Gujarati
- Hindu Patriot (1853) · Harish Chandra Mukherjee; took up the indigo farmers' cause
- Tattvabodhini Patrika (1843) · Debendranath Tagore
- Som Prakash (1858) · Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar; Bengali
Nationalist papers (1860–1905)
- Amrita Bazar Patrika (1868) · Sisir Kumar and Motilal Ghosh; turned English overnight to escape the Vernacular Press Act
- Indian Mirror · Debendranath Tagore, later Narendra Nath Sen
- Indu Prakash (1862) · Bombay; M. G. Ranade wrote for it
- The Hindu (1878) and Swadesamitran · G. Subramania Iyer (with Veeraraghavachari); Swadesamitran in Tamil
- Kesari and Mahratta (1881) · Bal Gangadhar Tilak (with Agarkar); Marathi and English
- Sudharak · Gopal Ganesh Agarkar; Gokhale wrote its English part
- The Bengalee · Surendranath Banerjee
- Voice of India · Dadabhai Naoroji
- Native Opinion · V. N. Mandlik
- Hindustan and Abhyudaya; The Leader · Madan Mohan Malaviya; The Leader from Allahabad (1909)
Swadeshi and revolutionary papers
- Bande Mataram (1905–06) · Bipin Chandra Pal, then Aurobindo Ghosh; English daily
- Yugantar (1906) · Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Dutta
- Sandhya · Brahmabandhab Upadhyay
- New India and Commonweal · Annie Besant
- Al-Hilal and Al-Balagh · Abul Kalam Azad; Urdu
- Comrade and Hamdard · Maulana Mohammad Ali; English and Urdu
- Pratap (1913) · Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi; Kanpur
- Ghadar (1913) · Ghadar Party, San Francisco; Lala Har Dayal
- Indian Sociologist · Shyamji Krishna Varma; London
- Free Hindustan · Taraknath Das; North America
The Gandhian age
- Indian Opinion (1903) · Gandhi in South Africa
- Young India, Navajivan, Harijan · Gandhi; Harijan from 1933
- Independent (1919) · Motilal Nehru; Allahabad
- National Herald (1938) · Jawaharlal Nehru; Lucknow
- Hindustan Times (1924) · Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, an Akali leader
- Mook Nayak and Bahishkrit Bharat · B. R. Ambedkar; Marathi
- Bombay Chronicle (1910) · Pherozeshah Mehta
- Kirti and Akali · Punjab; Kirti Kisan movement
❌ Not asked yet (3)
🔒 3 items not asked yet
The first papers (1780–1860): 1 · Swadeshi and revolutionary papers: 1 · The Gandhian age: 1
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⚠️ Udant Martand was the first Hindi paper, the Bengal Gazette the first newspaper of all. Kesari was Marathi, Mahratta English, both Tilak's. Al-Hilal is Azad's; Comrade is Mohammad Ali's. Young India was Gandhi's, but New India was Annie Besant's.
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