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UPPCS Modern History Gap Sheet: Peasant and Workers' Movements.
UPPCS has asked 17 of these. 5 have not been asked yet. Lock the first list, then read the second: it holds what UPPCS has not used yet.
First, the concept
Peasant anger followed the land system. In zamindari areas it was against rent and eviction (Pabna, Awadh); in ryotwari areas against the moneylender (Deccan riots); in plantation areas against the planter (Indigo, Champaran).
After 1920 the movements organised: Kisan Sabhas, then the All India Kisan Sabha (1936). Workers formed AITUC (1920).
✅ Already asked (17)
Nineteenth century
- Indigo revolt (1859–60) · Bengal; Digambar and Bishnu Biswas; Neel Darpan exposed it
- Pabna agrarian league (1873) · East Bengal; against rent hikes; led to the Bengal Tenancy Act 1885
- Bijolia movement (1897, 1913–41) · Mewar, Rajasthan; Vijay Singh Pathik
1917–1930
- Champaran (1917) · Indigo tinkathia system; Raj Kumar Shukla invited Gandhi
- Kheda (1918) · Gujarat; revenue relief after crop failure; Patel joined
- UP Kisan Sabha (1918) · Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi; Malaviya's support
- Awadh Kisan Sabha (1920) · Baba Ramchandra, Nehru; Pratapgarh and Rae Bareli
- Eka movement (1921–22) · Hardoi, Bahraich, Sitapur; Madari Pasi
- Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) · Vallabhbhai Patel; women called him 'Sardar'
- Mulshi Satyagraha (1921) · Pune; against a Tata dam; Senapati Bapat
Organised movements (1930s–1940s)
- All India Kisan Sabha (1936) · Lucknow; Swami Sahajanand Saraswati president, N. G. Ranga secretary
- Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (1929) · Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
- Tebhaga movement (1946) · Bengal sharecroppers wanted two-thirds of the crop
Workers
- Ahmedabad mill strike (1918) · Gandhi's first hunger strike; Anasuya Sarabhai
- AITUC (1920) · Bombay; Lala Lajpat Rai first president, N. M. Joshi
- Madras Labour Union (1918) · B. P. Wadia; first organised trade union
- Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929) · 31 labour and communist leaders tried
❌ Not asked yet (5)
Items marked 'asked in other exams' have come in UPSC or other state exams, not yet in UPPCS.
🔒 5 items not asked yet
Nineteenth century: 1 · Organised movements (1930s–1940s): 3 · Workers: 1
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⚠️ Eka was in Awadh (UP), Tebhaga in Bengal, Punnapra-Vayalar in Travancore. The All India Kisan Sabha was born at Lucknow (1936), not Bihar. Lajpat Rai was AITUC's first president.
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