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UPPCS Science & Technology Gap Sheet: Biotechnology applications and genome tools.
UPPCS has asked 8 of these. 10 have not been asked yet. Lock the first list, then read the second: it holds what UPPCS has not used yet.
First, the concept
Biotechnology uses cells, enzymes or genetic information to make products and solve problems. Separate copying an organism, reading DNA, changing DNA and selecting an embryo.
A tool is not the same as its application. A plasmid carries DNA, a sequencer reads its order, and a bioreactor supports controlled production. Match each with the result it can actually deliver.
✅ Already asked (8)
Genome tools and projects
- Human Genome Project · International project from 1990 to 2003 to map and sequence human genetic material.
- Genome sequencing · Determines the order of DNA bases; not the same as editing genes.
- Plasmid vector · Small DNA molecule used to carry inserted DNA into a host cell.
- DNA microarray · A chip with many DNA probes used to examine many sequences or gene-expression patterns together.
Cloning, cells and agriculture
- Dolly cloning · Sheep born in 1996; first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell.
- Totipotent versus pluripotent · Totipotent cells can form embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues; pluripotent cells form body-cell types.
- Terminator technology · Genetic use restriction technology can make seeds produced by a crop unable to germinate.
Production and health applications
- Monoclonal antibodies · Antibodies from a single cell clone recognising the same antigenic site; used in diagnosis and treatment.
❌ Not asked yet (10)
Items marked 'asked in other exams' have come in UPSC or other state exams, not yet in UPPCS.
🔒 10 items not asked yet
Genome tools and projects: 2 · Cloning, cells and agriculture: 4 · Production and health applications: 4
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⚠️ Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, not the first cloned animal. All stem cells cannot form an entire embryo.
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