Which organization has enacted the Nature Restoration Law (NRL) to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss?

Answer: (a) The European Union

The EU’s Nature Restoration Law (2024) requires restoring at least 20% of its land and sea areas by 2030.

The idea

Look at the verb: “enacted … Law”. Only a body with law-making power over its members can enact a law. The European Union is the only one of the four that has it: an EU regulation binds all member states directly. The other three can lend, advise or set standards.

Most of Europe’s habitats are in poor condition → Protecting what is left is not enough → Law sets binding restoration targets → 20% of EU land and sea by 2030 → All ecosystems in need by 2050

Why the others are wrong

(b) The World Bank lends; it cannot enact laws.

(d) The FAO sets standards and runs programmes, not binding laws.

The trap

Only the EU of these four can pass binding laws on its members.

Also know

It is the first law of its kind for a whole continent. The world-level promises it supports: the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (restore 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030) and the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030, led by UNEP and FAO. India’s matching pledge under the Bonn Challenge is to restore 26 million hectares of degraded land by 2030.