Which of the following statements with regard to Green Hydrogen is/are correct?

Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

Electrolysis on renewable power ✓ and ~50 MMT abatement by 2030 ✓. Statement 1 is blue hydrogen.

Statement by statement

1. ✗ WRONG — that is BLUE hydrogen Natural gas + steam reforming = grey hydrogen. Add carbon capture and you get blue hydrogen. It is still made from fossil gas, so it is not green.

2. ✓ CORRECT — the definition An electrolyser splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. If the power comes from solar, wind or hydro, there is no fossil input, and that makes it green.

3. ✓ CORRECT The mission (approved January 2023, outlay ₹19,744 crore) targets at least 5 MMT of green hydrogen a year by 2030, which would avoid about 50 MMT of CO₂ emissions a year.

The idea

Hydrogen burns to give water and no CO₂ (in air a little NOₓ can form). What matters is how it was made. The colour names tell you the source of the hydrogen and what happened to the carbon.

Grey: from natural gas, CO₂ released → Blue: from natural gas, CO₂ captured and stored → Green: water split by renewable electricity, no fossil input

Why the others are wrong

(a) Statement 1 describes blue hydrogen, not green.

(c) Misses statement 3, the mission’s ~50 MMT target.

(d) Statement 1 is wrong, so all three can’t be.

The trap

Statement 1 uses the word “decarbonized”, which sounds green. Capturing carbon from fossil gas makes hydrogen blue, not green. Green means no fossil input at all.

Also know

India notified a Green Hydrogen Standard in 2023: hydrogen counts as green if it emits no more than 2 kg of CO₂-equivalent per kg of hydrogen (well-to-gate).