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UPSC Prelims 1986 · World Geography · Rocks, Quakes and Landforms

Which of the following two continents are just like the mirror images of each other?

Show the answer and explanation

Answer: (a) South America and Africa

The coasts of South America and Africa fit like a jigsaw — key evidence for continental drift.

The idea

Continental margins can retain a rough outline of a former join. A matching outline is useful evidence when it agrees with rocks and fossils on the two sides. The fit is assessed more meaningfully near the continental shelf edges than along today’s changing beaches.

South America and Africa are joined → Rifting splits the continental crust → New ocean floor forms between them → The Atlantic widens → Matching margins and geological belts remain on opposite sides

Also know

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a spreading boundary. Mesosaurus fossils and matching ancient rock belts strengthen the South America-Africa connection. Glacial deposits across Gondwana provide another independent clue. Modern shorelines are modified by erosion, deposition and sea-level change, so a coastline fit is approximate.

🔒 Wegener (1912): coastline fit + matching fossils (Mesosaurus).

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