Assertion (A): Areas lying within five to eight degrees latitude on either side of the equator receive rainfall throughout the year. Reason (R): High temperature and high humidity cause convectional rain to fall mostly in the afternoons near the equator.

Answer: (a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

Daily convection brings rain all year near the equator.

The idea

Frequent equatorial rain requires both a moisture supply and a way to lift the air. Strong daytime heating creates buoyant rising currents in humid conditions. As that air expands and cools, condensation forms clouds and rain. Repeated convection helps explain the lack of a long dry season in typical equatorial rainforest climates.

Morning sunlight heats a moist surface → Water evaporates → Warm humid air rises → Expansion cools the air → Condensation releases latent heat → Tall clouds produce afternoon showers

Why the others are wrong

(b) R explains A.

(c) R is true.

(d) A is true.

Also know

The Amazon and Congo basins and much of Indonesia are familiar equatorial wet regions. Tropical savannas have a stronger seasonal dry period, while deserts lack regular moisture and uplift. Relief and ocean conditions can create exceptions even close to the equator. Convection is a lifting process; an equatorial climate is a long-term weather pattern.