Match List-I (Climatic conditions) with List-II (Reasons): A. Madras is warmer than Calcutta · B. Snowfall in Himalayas · C. Rainfall decreases from West Bengal to Punjab · D. Sutlej-Ganga plain gets some rain in winter — 1. North-east monsoon · 2. Altitude · 3. Western depressions · 4. Distance from the sea · 5. Latitude

Answer: (c) A - 5; B - 2; C - 4; D - 3

Chennai – latitude · snow – altitude · rain decline – distance from sea · winter rain – western depressions.

The idea

Local climate is controlled by several factors that must be separated. Latitude affects solar heating, altitude affects temperature, and distance inland affects moisture supply. A passing weather system can add rain in a season when the summer monsoon is absent.

Why the others are wrong

(a) Explains Chennai’s warmth by the NE monsoon.

(b) Explains Himalayan snow by latitude.

(d) Explains snow by the NE monsoon.

The trap

Snow–altitude is the sure pair.

Elimination technique

Snowfall in the Himalayas matches altitude: B–2 leaves (a) and (c). Winter rain in the Sutlej–Ganga plain matches western depressions, D–3, which selects (c).

Also know

Chennai and Kolkata also differ in their main rainfall season. Himalayan snow depends on both cold enough air and a supply of moisture. Western disturbances support rabi farming in the Sutlej–Ganga plain, while summer monsoon rainfall is important for kharif crops.